For a 2-sphere , there is a cannonical symplectic strucuture induced from
:
That is to regard as a 3-dimensional vector, doing the mixed product with the two tangent vectors, which expressed in the cylindrical coordinate
is
, however, this symplectic structure
cannot be generalized analogously to the higher dimension.
We first start with a compact manifold of dimension
without boundaries, which endowed with a symplectic structure
, we first claim that
is not an exact form, if not, there will exis a
-form
such that
, since
is a volume form, thus via the Stokes’ formula:
a desired contradiction, besides, is also not exact, if not, there will exist
such that
, hence we have
, since the symplectic forms are closed, hence we get
, a desired contradiction, by proceeding this argument inductively, all thos
are not exact, thus the even-ordered de Rham cohomology groups of a compact symplectic manifold are non trivial, i.e
for all
.
Now, for the sphere , we have
, equals to 0 for elsewhere, thus it cannot have any symplectic structure unless